Imeko yolwelo yimeko ephakathi phakathi kwemeko eqinileyo kunye nerhasi.Iintsimbi eziqinileyo zenziwe ngeenkozo ezininzi, iintsimbi zegesi zenziwe ngeathom enye efana ne-elastic spheres, kwaye iintsimbi ezingamanzi zenziwe ngamaqela amaninzi e-athomu.
1. Iimpawu zesakhiwo sesinyithi solwelo
Imeko yolwelo yimeko ephakathi phakathi kwemeko eqinileyo kunye nerhasi.Iintsimbi eziqinileyo zenziwe ngeenkozo ezininzi zekristale, iintsimbi zegesi zenziwe ngeathom enye efana ne-elastic spheres, kwaye iintsimbi ezingamanzi zenziwe ngamaqela amaninzi eathom, kwaye izakhiwo zazo zinezi mpawu zilandelayo.
(1) Iqela ngalinye leathom lineeathom ezimalunga neshumi elinesibini ukuya kumakhulu, ezisagcine amandla aqinileyo okubopha kwiqela leathom kwaye linokugcina iimpawu zolungiselelo lwesiqina.Noko ke, iqhina eliphakathi kwamaqela eathom lonakaliswe kakhulu, yaye umgama phakathi kwamaqela eathom mkhulu ngokwentelekiso yaye ukhululekile, ngokungathi kukho imingxunya.
2Kuyenzeka kwakhona ukushiya amaqela e-atom ngokwamaqela kwaye ujoyine amanye amaqela e-athom, okanye wenze amaqela e-atom.
(3) Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuzinza kwamaqela eathom kunxulumene nobushushu.Okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona lincinane ubungakanani obuphakathi bamaqela eathom kwaye kokukhona uzinzo lubi.
4Ngoko ke, kukho inhomogeneity yokubunjwa phakathi kwamaqela athom, oko kukuthi, ukuguquguquka koxinaniso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye neekhompawundi ezingazinzanga okanye ezizinzileyo zenziwe.
2. Ukunyibilika kunye nokuNyibilika
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyibilika kwe-alloy, kukho iinkqubo ezimbini ezifanayo zokunyibilika kunye nokuchithwa.Xa i-alloy ifudumala kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, iqala ukunyibilika, kwaye imeko yayo ye-thermodynamic ishushu kakhulu.Ukunyibilika kuthetha ukuba intsimbi eqinileyo ikhukuliswa yintsimbi enyibilikayo ize ingene kwisisombululo ukuqonda inkqubo yokuguqulwa kokuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo.Ukutshatyalaliswa akufuni ukufudumeza, kodwa ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa, ngokukhawuleza izinga lokutshatyalaliswa.
Enyanisweni, kuphela xa i-melting point ye-alloying element iphezulu kunokushisa kwesisombululo se-alloy copper, inkqubo ye-alloying element yokungena kwi-melt yinkqubo ecocekileyo yokuchithwa.Kwii-alloys zethusi, umzekelo, i-iron, i-nickel, i-chromium kunye ne-manganese kunye ne-non-metallic elements i-silicon, i-carbon, njl., ziqondwa ukuba zinenkqubo yokuchithwa kuyo.Enyanisweni, zombini iinkqubo zokunyibilika kunye nokunyibilika zenzeka ngaxeshanye, kunye nenkqubo yokunyibilika ekhuthaza inkqubo yokunyibilika.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela izinga lokuchithwa kwesinyithi.
Okokuqala, okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona kuthandeka ngakumbi ukupheliswa.
Okwesibini, inxulumene nommandla wento enyityilisiweyo, indawo enkulu yomphezulu, isantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza.
Isantya sokuchithwa kwesinyithi sikwahambelana nokuhamba kwe-melt.Xa inyibilika ihamba, izinga lokuchithwa likhulu kunelo letsimbi kwi-static melt, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukunyibilika kuhamba, ngokukhawuleza kuya kuba yisantya sokuchithwa.
Ukupheliswa kunye noKwabiwa
Xa ii-alloys zenziwe okokuqala, kwakucingelwa ukuba ukunyibilika kufuneka kuqale ngamacandelo anzima ukunyibilika (kwaye abe neendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika).Ngokomzekelo, xa i-alloys ye-copper-nickel ye-80% kunye ne-20% ye-nickel ye-nickel yenziwa kuqala, i-nickel ene-melting point ye-1451 ° C yaqala ukunyibilika kwaye emva koko yongezwa ubhedu.Abanye banyibilikisa ubhedu kwaye bayifudumeze ukuya kwi-1500 ℃ phambi kokuba bongeze i-nickel ukuze inyibilike.Emva kokuba ithiyori ye-alloys iphuhliswe, ngakumbi ithiyori yezisombululo, ezi ndlela zimbini zokunyibilikisa zayekwa.
Ukubekwa kwezinto ezingahlanganisiyo
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokunyuka okuqhubekayo kunye nemvula yezinto ezingenayo i-alloying kwisinyithi kunye ne-alloys.
Ukungcola okungeniswa kwintlawulo yesinyithi
Nangona inkunkuma yenkqubo eveliswa kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwefektri yethu isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, umxholo wezinto ezingcolileyo kwintlawulo uya kuqhubeka nokunyuka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto zokuxuba okanye ukusebenzisa ubuninzi bezinto ezithengiweyo ezinemvelaphi engacacanga, ukungcola okunokwenzeka kunye nemiphumo enokwenzeka kaninzi iqikelele ngakumbi.
Ukukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwezinto zokugqoka isithando somlilo
Izinto ezithile ekunyibilikeni zinokusabela ngokwekhemikhali kwiqondo lobushushu lokunyibilika.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-18-2022